STATEMENT
BY
REAR ADMIRAL KEVIN J. COSGRIFF, U.S. NAVY
DIRECTOR OR WARFARE INTEGRATION
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, UNCONVENTIONAL THREATS AND CAPABILITIES
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REGARDING
NAVY TRANSFORMATION
26
FEBRUARY 2004
Mr.
Chairman and members of the Committee, I appreciate
the opportunity to appear today. The investment
you've made in America's Navy has been a prudent
investment in the nation's security through the
Navy's ability to project power, protection and
freedom of maneuver to the far corners of the
earth. Thank you for your exceptional and
continuous support.
Your
Navy Today
Your
Navy and Marine Corps team's stellar performance
in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), Operations
ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) and IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF)
underscored the high return on your investment
in our combat readiness, our people, and our unique
maritime warfighting capabilities. Your return
on investment included the lift for 94 percent
of the nation's joint and warfighting capability
and more than 7000 Naval combat sorties in support
of OIF. It demonstrated the latest technology in
surveillance, command and control and persistent
attack operating from sovereign US territory and
exploiting the vast maneuver space provided by
the sea. OIF and OEF were the most joint operations
in our history and they confirmed that we should
continue to pursue joint capabilities that enhance
power projection, defensive protection and the
operational independence afforded by the sea.
Your
Future Navy
OIF,
OEF and GWOT demonstrated the enormous contributions
Naval forces make to the effectiveness of joint
and coalition forces. We expect some of the challenges
faced in OIF to recur and multiply in the coming
years. For example, we expect to encounter and
have to overcome political and military area
denial strategies. Further, military anti-access
technologies, such as missiles and weapons of
mass destruction, will proliferate and play a
greater role than they have in the past.
Analyses
of these conflicts indicate that the joint and
naval transformational war fighting concepts,
capabilities, and technologies and procedures
we are pursuing in our Naval Power 21 and Sea
Power 21 visions are on the right vector. Our
goals are to:
- chieve greater
operational employability
- Strike
with increased speed, variety, lethality from
more formations / force packages
- Provide
a defensive shield around joint forces,
allies, and homeland
- Operate
jointly from an independent,
mobile, secure sea base
- Network
fully within
the Joint Force
To
achieve these goals transformation must embrace
more than new systems. Emerging operational concepts,
processes and organizations will help transform
the capability of America's 21st century
naval services in a way that exploits asymmetric
maritime advantages to provide unique and complimentary
sea based warfighting capabilities to Joint Force
Commanders.
Today
I will highlight some of these operational concepts
that will markedly improve the employability of
naval forces - both those deployed and those
ready to surge. I will touch on a few specific
capabilities within that increasingly employable
force using the capability pillars of Sea Power
21: Sea Shield, Sea Strike, Sea Base, and FORCEnet.
Finally I will briefly mention the process by
which the Navy develops these capabilities in
a joint context.
Operational
Concepts: Improving Employability
The
Navy and Marine Corps met the challenges of the
Cold War by sustaining a portion of our forces
at peak readiness and predictably deploying as
Carrier Battle Groups and Amphibious Ready Groups
carrying Marine Expeditionary Units (Special
Operations Capable). These were supported by
the Combat Logistics Force and supplemented by
the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF). Now
we are transforming that force to meet the uncertainties
of the 21st century and the challenges
of the Global War on Terrorism.
A
great deal of work has been done on increasing
the employability of Naval Forces in both geographic
and temporal terms. Three new concepts allow
for greater geographic distribution and more
flexible packaging of naval power:
Global
Concept of Operations: The
Global Concept of Operations nearly doubles the
number of deployable strike groups. In addition
to Carrier Strike Groups (CSGs), we have increased
the offensive striking power of Amphibious Ready
Groups (ARGs) to form Expeditionary Strike Groups
(ESGs). Joint experimentation on this concept
has already begun. The first ESG deployed in
August 2003.
Fleet
Response Plan: The
Fleet Response Plan (FRP) modifies maintenance
and training practices for Carrier Strike Groups
and increases the percentage of time that they
are employable - whether forward deployed or
ready to surge when needed. FRP modifies the
maintenance/training operating cycles slightly
so as to yield greater employability of our carrier
forces during that cycle.
Flexible
Deployment Concept: The
enhanced and expanded readiness availability
resulting from the Fleet Response Plan provides
the President with unprecedented responsiveness. The
Flexible Deployment Concept allows units that
have attained high readiness to embark on deployments
of varied duration in support of specific national
priorities instead of solely in predictable,
lock-step, 6-month deployments. This new construct
allows for peacetime deployments that provide "presence
with a purpose" or specific warfighting assignments,
when necessary.
Transformation in Capability Terms
Sea Power 21 defines
the capabilities and processes that the 21st century
Navy will deliver.
Sea
Shield is
the projection of layered defensive power.
It seeks
maritime superiority to assure access, and
to project defense overland.
Sea
Strike is
the projection of precise and persistent offensive
power. It
leverages persistence, precision, stealth,
and new force packaging concepts to increase
operational tempo and reach. It includes strikes
by air, missiles, and by Marine strike forces
supported by air and long-range gun fires from
the sea base.
Sea
Base is
the projection of operational independence.
It provides
the Joint Force Commander the capability to
retain command and control and logistics at
mobile, secure locations at sea and enables
Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare.
FORCEnet is
the operational construct and architectural framework
for naval warfare in the joint, information age.
It integrates warriors, sensors, networks, command
and control, platforms and weapons into a networked,
distributed combat system.
Our
overarching transformational
operating concept is Seabasing; a
national capability, for projecting and
sustaining naval power and joint forces which
assures joint access by leveraging the operational
maneuver of sovereign, distributed, and networked
forces operating globally from the sea. Seabasing unites
our capabilities for projecting offensive power,
defensive power, command and control, mobility
and sustainment around the world. It will
enable commanders to generate high tempo operational
maneuver by making use of the sea as a means
of gaining advantage.
Sea
Shield
Transformational Air
and Missile Defense efforts seek to extend
a defensive umbrella over land by integrating
airborne, sea-based and land based sensors
to engage targets from the best joint platform
with the best weapon. These efforts focus on
two areas:
.Initial
deployment of sea-based ballistic missile defense
capability, and
.Dramatically
improved and integrated air and cruise missile
defenses.
Key
elements include E-2 Advanced Hawkeye, ARLEIGH
BURKE (DDG 51) Class destroyers, TICONDEROGA
(CG 47) Class cruiser modernization and Joint
Strike Fighter (JSF).
Transformational Undersea
Warfare efforts seek to develop advanced
technologies to improve wide-area surveillance,
detection, tracking and attack, multiplying
the impact of these technologies through advanced
networking to render mines and submarines increasingly
less relevant as anti-access weapons. These
efforts focus on rapidly finding, destroying
or, where necessary, avoiding enemy submarines
and mines. Key elements include Multi-Mission
Aircraft (MMA), Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
(BAMS) UAV, Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), VIRGINIA
(SSN 774) Class submarine, and MH60R and MH60S
helicopters.
Sea
Strike
- Project
Dominant and Decisive Offensive Power Anywhere
in the World
- Immediate,
Agile, and Sustainable Fire & Maneuver
From the Sea
Transformational Deliberate
and Time-Sensitive Strike and Ship-to-Objective
Maneuver efforts leverage penetrating,
netted ISR to compress decision making through
joint networking to engage the enemy with the
optimal weapon or maneuver force. The transformed
strike capabilities of the Navy and Marine
Corps will complement the improved strike capability
of the Air Force, Army, and Special Operations
Forces. These efforts focus on delivering joint
effects from extended range with increased
lethality and accuracy and on generating highly
responsive fires in support of rapidly closing
maneuver forces. Key elements include:
.More
flexible land attack cruise missiles launched
from ships and submarines (SSGN, Tactical Tomahawk);
.Electronic
Radio Frequency or digital attack from manned
aircraft (EA-18G), UAVs, and ships;
.Precision-guided
munitions delivered by naval manned and unmanned
aircraft and surface ships (DD(X), F/A-18 E/F,
JSF, J-UCAS);
.Highly-maneuverable
and increasingly lethal Marine forces and SEAL
teams operating ashore (MV-22, LCAC and future
high speed connectors, CH-53X, SSGN/ASDS).
Sea
Base
-
Exploit
Maneuver Space Provided by Control of the
Sea
-
Project
and Sustain Responsive Forces Worldwide
-
Minimize
Vulnerabilities Tied to Bases Ashore
Sea
Base transformation is
focused on developing new capabilities to support
operations ashore from the sea. These involve
deployment of and employment from the sea base,
developing integrated logistics to better sustain
the joint force, and hosting joint command and
control functions afloat. These efforts seek
to exploit the secure and vast maneuver space
of the sea and enhance the ability to employ
and sustain joint forces to minimize vulnerabilities
associated with bases ashore. Key elements include
the surface combatant family of ships, MPF(F),
SAN ANTONIO (LPD
17) Class Amphibious Transport Dock ships, and
LEWIS & CLARK (T-AKE) Class Auxiliary Cargo & Ammunition
ships, and High Speed Connectors.
FORCEnet
- Connect
Sensors, Networks, Weapons, Decision Aids and
Warriors from Seabed to Space
- Accelerate
Speed and Accuracy of Decisions Across Spectrum
of Command
FORCEnet
is a critical enabler of naval force transformation.
It will provide a series of highly integrated
distributed networks capable of providing critical
operational and tactical information to specified
users on a rapid and continuous basis.
The "publish
and subscribe" construct for moving data within
the network will facilitate greatly improved
shared battlespace awareness, rapid dissemination
of the joint force commander's evolving campaign
plan, and faster passing of information to ready
forces with the right weapons for attacking key
targets. The key elements
are truly "born joint:" Aerial Common Sensor
(ACS), J-UCAS, Joint Tactical radio System (JTRS),
Deployable Joint Command and Control (DJC2) and
others.
Naval
Capability Development Process
The
Naval Capability Development Process allows the
Navy to develop "warfighting wholeness" to
achieve balance among the pillars of Sea Power
21 in a manner that focuses investment across
the full range of appropriation accounts.
This
process incorporates strategic guidance from
Strategic Planning Guidance, Transformation Planning
Guidance, National Security Strategy, and Joint
Operating, Functional, and Integrating Concepts. Capability
development is derived from various warfighting
scenarios that look across the next 15 to 20
years. Force capability metrics - "What it takes
for the maritime component of the Joint force
to win." - help determine the best way to identify
the capabilities that meet the metrics within
available resources.
The
analytical insights then focus investment not
only in acquisition programs (including research
and development) but also in science and technology.
The Chief of Naval Research plays an important
role in developing transformational capabilities
that one day will contribute significantly to
achieving warfighting wholeness.
Sea
Trial is the Navy's process of testing emergent
concepts and technologies through experimentation,
leading to continuous and rapid improvements
in warfighting effectiveness. An example is experimentation
with high speed and theater support vessels like
JOINT VENTURE and SWIFT. These helped demonstrate
the value of joint sea basing and provided important
lessons in hull design to feed into development
of the next generation of surface combatants.
Conclusion:
America's
ability to protect its homeland, assure our friends
and allies, deter potential adversaries, and project
decisive combat power depends on maritime superiority. The
transformation of naval forces is intended to greatly
expand the sovereign options of the President across
the full spectrum of warfare by exploiting one
of our Nation's asymmetric advantages - control
of the sea at the time and place of our choosing,
anywhere in the world.
Naval
transformation supports joint transformation with
service-unique capabilities (e.g. Seabasing). With
your continued support, Naval Transformation will
be accomplished through new operational concepts,
new technologies, new processes and new organizational
structures. These will be forged in the Naval Capability
Development Process, "built joint" upon the pillars
of Sea Shield, Sea Strike, Sea Base, and FORCEnet,
rigorously tested via Sea Trial, and taken forward
by the 21st century Sea Warrior. Thank
you.
Transformational Undersea
Warfare efforts seek to develop advanced
technologies to improve wide-area surveillance,
detection, tracking and attack, multiplying
the impact of these technologies through advanced
networking to render mines and submarines increasingly
less relevant as anti-access weapons. These
efforts focus on rapidly finding, destroying
or, where necessary, avoiding enemy submarines
and mines. Key elements include Multi-Mission
Aircraft (MMA), Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
(BAMS) UAV, Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), VIRGINIA
(SSN 774) Class submarine, and MH60R and MH60S
helicopters.
Sea Strike
- Project
Dominant and Decisive Offensive Power Anywhere
in the World
- Immediate,
Agile, and Sustainable Fire & Maneuver
From the Sea
Transformational Deliberate
and Time-Sensitive Strike and Ship-to-Objective
Maneuver efforts leverage penetrating,
netted ISR to compress decision making through
joint networking to engage the enemy with the
optimal weapon or maneuver force. The transformed
strike capabilities of the Navy and Marine
Corps will complement the improved strike capability
of the Air Force, Army, and Special Operations
Forces. These efforts focus on delivering joint
effects from extended range with increased
lethality and accuracy and on generating highly
responsive fires in support of rapidly closing
maneuver forces. Key elements include:
.More
flexible land attack cruise missiles launched
from ships and submarines (SSGN, Tactical Tomahawk);
.Electronic
Radio Frequency or digital attack from manned
aircraft (EA-18G), UAVs, and ships;
.Precision-guided
munitions delivered by naval manned and unmanned
aircraft and surface ships (DD(X), F/A-18 E/F,
JSF, J-UCAS);
.Highly-maneuverable
and increasingly lethal Marine forces and SEAL
teams operating ashore (MV-22, LCAC and future
high speed connectors, CH-53X, SSGN/ASDS).
Sea Base
-
Exploit
Maneuver Space Provided by Control of the
Sea
-
Project
and Sustain Responsive Forces Worldwide
-
Minimize
Vulnerabilities Tied to Bases Ashore
Sea
Base transformation is
focused on developing new capabilities to support
operations ashore from the sea. These involve
deployment of and employment from the sea base,
developing integrated logistics to better sustain
the joint force, and hosting joint command and
control functions afloat. These efforts seek
to exploit the secure and vast maneuver space
of the sea and enhance the ability to employ
and sustain joint forces to minimize vulnerabilities
associated with bases ashore. Key elements include
the surface combatant family of ships, MPF(F),
SAN ANTONIO (LPD
17) Class Amphibious Transport Dock ships, and
LEWIS & CLARK (T-AKE) Class Auxiliary Cargo & Ammunition
ships, and High Speed Connectors.
FORCEnet
- Connect
Sensors, Networks, Weapons, Decision Aids and
Warriors from Seabed to Space
- Accelerate
Speed and Accuracy of Decisions Across Spectrum
of Command
FORCEnet
is a critical enabler of naval force transformation.
It will provide a series of highly integrated
distributed networks capable of providing critical
operational and tactical information to specified
users on a rapid and continuous basis.
The "publish
and subscribe" construct for moving data within
the network will facilitate greatly improved
shared battlespace awareness, rapid dissemination
of the joint force commander's evolving campaign
plan, and faster passing of information to ready
forces with the right weapons for attacking key
targets. The key elements
are truly "born joint:" Aerial Common Sensor
(ACS), J-UCAS, Joint Tactical radio System (JTRS),
Deployable Joint Command and Control (DJC2) and
others.
Naval Capability
Development Process
The
Naval Capability Development Process allows the
Navy to develop "warfighting wholeness" to
achieve balance among the pillars of Sea Power
21 in a manner that focuses investment across
the full range of appropriation accounts.
This
process incorporates strategic guidance from
Strategic Planning Guidance, Transformation Planning
Guidance, National Security Strategy, and Joint
Operating, Functional, and Integrating Concepts. Capability
development is derived from various warfighting
scenarios that look across the next 15 to 20
years. Force capability metrics - "What it takes
for the maritime component of the Joint force
to win." - help determine the best way to identify
the capabilities that meet the metrics within
available resources.
The
analytical insights then focus investment not
only in acquisition programs (including research
and development) but also in science and technology.
The Chief of Naval Research plays an important
role in developing transformational capabilities
that one day will contribute significantly to
achieving warfighting wholeness.
Sea
Trial is the Navy's process of testing emergent
concepts and technologies through experimentation,
leading to continuous and rapid improvements
in warfighting effectiveness. An example is experimentation
with high speed and theater support vessels like
JOINT VENTURE and SWIFT. These helped demonstrate
the value of joint sea basing and provided important
lessons in hull design to feed into development
of the next generation of surface combatants.
Conclusion:
America's
ability to protect its homeland, assure our friends
and allies, deter potential adversaries, and project
decisive combat power depends on maritime superiority. The
transformation of naval forces is intended to greatly
expand the sovereign options of the President across
the full spectrum of warfare by exploiting one
of our Nation's asymmetric advantages - control
of the sea at the time and place of our choosing,
anywhere in the world.
Naval
transformation supports joint transformation with
service-unique capabilities (e.g. Seabasing). With
your continued support, Naval Transformation will
be accomplished through new operational concepts,
new technologies, new processes and new organizational
structures. These will be forged in the Naval Capability
Development Process, "built joint" upon the pillars
of Sea Shield, Sea Strike, Sea Base, and FORCEnet,
rigorously tested via Sea Trial, and taken forward
by the 21st century Sea Warrior. Thank
you.
